皮肤组织容积脉搏波400~1000 nm光谱特性仿真研究

根据皮肤组织解剖结构特性建立了六层层状模型,并给出了皮肤组织各层的特性参数;考虑了氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白的吸收特性,依据皮肤组织各层的水、血、脂肪、血氧饱和度含量以及血管大小给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱吸收系数;对不同波长散射系数做了适当简化,给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱散射系数。利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真血管组织在收缩与舒张两种状态下, 400~1 000 nm波长光在皮肤组织多层模型中的传输过程,并通过统计大量光子的分布特性,获得了皮肤组织光谱反射系数,并利用模拟所得的两种状态下的反射系数计算得到了光谱容积脉搏波幅度。仿真结果表明,当入射光强一定时,绿光的容积脉搏波幅度优于红光和蓝光。通过计算不同波长光沿皮肤组织深度方向光能流率衰减为1/e时对应的皮肤组织深度,获得了皮肤组织光谱穿透深度。结果显示,血管舒张状态下蓝光和绿光的穿透深度较小,蓝光大部分只能达到表皮层,绿光能到达微循环层,红光可直达真皮层。考虑到光在皮肤组织中传播包含了一个从收缩到舒张的动态过程,基于此,根据穿透深度定义了脉搏波信号产生深度,利用血管舒张与收缩两种不同状态下的穿透深度计算得到了光谱产生深度。结果表明,不同波长光产生深度大于其穿透深度,蓝光产生深度较浅,且其受到的血液吸收调制较小,因而其获得的脉搏信号易受噪声干扰;红光的容积脉搏波产生深度较大,但是相比于绿光其受血液吸收调制较小,且绿光产生深度足够达到真皮血管层,因而红光容积脉搏波的幅度小于绿光。上述仿真结果明确了皮肤组织部分光谱特性,为皮肤组织多光谱容积脉搏波的精确获取及其他相关研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

超空泡射弹水下侵彻靶板三相耦合数值模拟

超空泡射弹侵彻问题的实质是特殊水下结构受到高速冲击载荷作用下的动态响应。对12.7 mm口径超空泡射弹侵彻典型水下目标壳体的毁伤效果开展研究,基于LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立水环境中超空泡射弹垂直侵彻曲面靶板的等效模型,探讨射弹侵彻过程中动能侵彻和气泡溃灭对靶板联合毁伤效果,获得了靶板在各阶段的应力变化和结构变形规律。结果表明:侵彻靶板前,射弹着靶速度为200 m/s时的头部表面水介质压力峰值达768 N,靶板表面有明显下凹变形;侵彻靶板时,伴随着射弹动能侵彻和气泡溃灭冲击,水介质造成的影响不足动能侵彻的2%;侵彻靶板后,在靶板正面形成峰值速度为42 m/s的水射流进一步作用于破口;靶板整体弯曲变形,在200~300 m/s范围内,随着射弹着靶速度的增加,靶板弯曲形变量减小;靶板局部发生延性穿孔,射弹在水环境中具有更好的破口效果,射弹速度变化对破口尺寸影响不大。     

Catalytic activity of Pt and Pd in gaseous reactions of H2 and CH4 oxidation at low pressures

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The progress and perspective of strategies to improve tumor penetration of nanomedicines

Tumor penetration is important fo r effectively tumor targeting drug delivery.Recently,many researches are published to overcome the barriers that restrict tumor penetration and improve drug delivery efficiency.In the mini review,we first analyzed the barriers influence the tumor penetration,including tumor microenvironment barriers,nanoparticle properties,and interaction barriers between tumor and nanoparticles.To overcome the barrier,several strategies are developed,including modulating tumor microenvironment,changing particle size,transcytosis enabled tumor penetration,cell penetrating peptide modification and overcoming binding site barrier,which could effectively improve tumor penetration,and finally enhance tumor treatment outcome.     

Improved Dermal and Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin with SmartFilms and Nanocrystals

Poor aqueous solubility of active compounds is a major issue in today’s drug delivery. In this study the smartFilm-technology was exploited to improve the dermal penetration efficacy of a poorly soluble active compound (curcumin). Results were compared to the dermal penetration efficacy of curcumin from curcumin bulk suspensions and nanocrystals, respectively. The smartFilms enabled an effective dermal and transdermal penetration of curcumin, whereas curcumin bulk- and nanosuspensions were less efficient when the curcumin content was similar to the curcumin content in the smartFilms. Interestingly, it was found that increasing numbers of curcumin particles within the suspensions increased the passive dermal penetration of curcumin. The effect is caused by an aqueous meniscus that is created between particle and skin if the dispersion medium evaporates. The connecting liquid meniscus causes a local swelling of the stratum corneum and maintains a high local concentration gradient between drug particles and skin. Thus, leading to a high local passive dermal penetration of curcumin. The findings suggest a new dermal penetration mechanism for active compounds from nano-particulate drug delivery systems, which can be the base for the development of topical drug products with improved penetration efficacy in the future.     

基于孔压静力触探(CPTU)测试的连云港海相粘土前期固结压力确定方法研究

首先回顾了基于孔压静力触探(CPTU)测试确定前期固结压力的方法,通过连云港海相粘土场地进行的CPTU试验资料,以室内固结试验得到的前期固结压力作为参考值评估了经验方法预测前期固结压力的有效性。最简单的方法是直接建立前期固结压力和净锥尖阻力的关系,同时也是最有效的方法。     

Oblique Perforation of Thick Metallic Plates by Rigid Projectiles

Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging formation for a blunt projectile nose, are considered in the proposed analytical model. It is shown that the perforation of a thick plate is dominated by several non-dimensional numbers, i.e., the impact function, the geometry function of projectile, the non-dimensional thickness of target and the impact obliquity. Explicit formulae are obtained to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and directional change for the oblique perforation of thick metallic plates. The proposed model is able to predict the critical condition for the occurrence of ricochet. The proposed model is validated by comparing the predictions with other existing models and independent experimental data.The English text was polished by Keren Wang     

尖头弹丸撞击下金属靶板弹道极限的两种工程模型

研究了圆锥形头和卵形头刚性弹垂直撞击塑性金属靶板扩孔冲塞型和延性扩孔型穿孔模式,考虑靶板背面自由边界的影响,提出两种两阶段工程分析模型,得到最小穿透能量的解析解。由球形空腔膨胀理论和两阶段总耗能最小确定第一阶段的侵彻深度,由功能原理和圆柱形空腔膨胀理论计算第一阶段侵彻扩孔耗能,延性扩孔型第二阶段耗能近似按Taylor扩孔理论计算,扩孔冲塞型第二阶段耗能考虑了加速塞块和剪断塞块所损耗的能量。与铝合金和装甲钢靶板弹道试验数据比较表明,本文两阶段模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Electrode metal penetration of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide semiconductor thin film transistors

Penetration effects of various electrode materials, namely Al, Au, and Cu, on the physical and electrical characteristics of amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) were investigated. Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs were fabricated with conventional staggered bottom gate structures on a p-type Si substrate. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis under the electrode deposition area revealed variations in the oxygen bonding states and material compositions of the a-IGZO layer. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with the line scan of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed lateral penetration by the electrode metal. To compare the electrical characteristics of the tested TFTs, the initial current–voltage (I–V) transfer characteristics were examined. In addition, the tested TFTs fabricated using various electrode materials were tested under bias stress to verify the correlations between variations in TFT characteristics and both the metal work function and penetration-induced oxygen vacancies in the channel around the contact area.     

Investigation of the performance of bipolar transverse plate ESP in the sintering flue control

In order to improve the particle collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), a transverse plate ESP with bipolar discharge electrodes is proposed. The simulations of the velocity distribution have shown that when the inlet velocity is 1 m/s, within the range of 40 mm from electrode plate, the average velocities of windward side and leeward side are less than 0.7 m/s and 0.3 m/s respectively. It is clear that the velocity near the collection electrode plate of this bipolar ESP is much lower than that of the ordinary ESP at the same inlet velocity. This low velocity can lead to higher efficiency for fine dust collection due to the less dust re-entrainment in ESP. It is also found that the average velocities are getting lower when the distance between plates electrodes are greater than 150 mm in accordance with the simulations. The voltage current characteristics of the bipolar ESP are superior to the ordinary ESP. The pressure drop of the bipolar ESP is about 30% higher than that of the ordinary one. The dust penetration of the bipolar ESP is about 54% less than that of the ordinary ESP when the sintering dust with 25.405 μm mass median diameter is used as the test particulate under the condition of the electric field from 2.1 kV/cm to 3.2 kV/cm and the velocity from 1.0 m/s to 1.5 m/s.